Category: Prosecutions

China former football chief sentenced to life for bribery

A former president of the Chinese Football Association (CFA), Chen Xuyuan, has been sentenced to life in prison for bribery, according to the country’s state media. In January, he pleaded guilty to taking bribes worth a total of 81 million yuan ($11.2m; £8.9m). An anti-corruption crackdown led by President Xi Jinping has cut through sport, banking and the military. In football, more than a dozen coaches and players have been investigated. The trial at the Intermediate People’s Court of Huangshi in central China revealed Chen’s illicit activities from 2010 to 2023, which included his earlier role as the president and…

Gunvor S.A. to Pay Over $661M in Landmark Guilty Plea for Foreign Bribery Case

Gunvor S.A., an international commodities trading company based in Switzerland, has pleaded guilty and agreed to pay over $661 million to settle an investigation by the U.S. Justice Department, resolving allegations of violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). The guilty plea follows an extensive probe into Gunvor’s corrupt practices, specifically its scheme to pay substantial bribes to Ecuadorean government officials with the aim of securing business deals with Petroecuador, the state-owned and state-controlled oil company of Ecuador. As part of the resolution, Gunvor entered into a plea agreement, admitting to conspiracy charges related to violating the anti-bribery provisions…

Expensive Art at Stake as Venezuelan Banker Faces U.S. Bribery Charges

He’s already facing charges for allegedly bribing a former Puerto Rican governor, and his bank is in liquidation following money laundering fines. Now, Julio Herrera Velutini has another legal concern: the state of his confiscated US$23-million art collection. Administrators in charge of liquidating his bank’s assets have “stashed” the collection “under conditions that seem inadequate for its proper preservation,” according to a lawsuit recently filed by Herrera Velutini. Herrera Velutini made the claims against Driven Administrative Services LLC, which has been appointed to administer Bancrédito International Bank and Trust Corporation. Herrera Velutini is the sole shareholder of Bancrédito Holding, the…

New York Attorney General Files Lawsuit Against Citibank Over Fraud Protection Failures

New York Attorney General Letitia James has initiated legal action against Citibank, N.A. (Citi), accusing the banking giant of neglecting to protect customers and refusing reimbursement to victims of fraud. The lawsuit alleges a range of misconduct, including the failure to implement robust online security measures, misleading account holders about their rights following unauthorized access, and illegal denial of reimbursement to victims of fraud. Alleged Misconduct by Citibank: Inadequate Security Measures: The lawsuit contends that Citibank’s lax approach to online security, insufficient monitoring systems, and failure to respond promptly and effectively to fraudulent activities have enabled scammers to steal millions…

Former San Francisco Resident Sentenced To Four Years In Prison For Crimes Related To “Ichioka Ventures” Cryptocurrency Fraud Scheme

William Koo Ichioka was sentenced to serve four years in prison and ordered to pay a $5 million fine for committing multiple felonies in connection with an investment fraud scheme involving cryptocurrencies and other investment vehicles. The sentence was handed down by the Hon. Vince Chhabria, United States District Judge. Ichioka, 30, formerly of San Francisco and New York, pleaded guilty to five charges—wire fraud, two counts of aiding and assisting in the preparation of a false or fraudulent tax return, committing fraud in connection with the purchase and sale of securities, and engaging in commodities fraud—on July 12, 2023.…

Ex-boss of China’s state-run bank Everbright arrested on corruption charges

The former head of China’s state-owned banking giant Everbright Group has been arrested for alleged corruption, prosecutors have said. Tang Shuangning, 69, was arrested on suspicion of taking bribes and embezzlement following the conclusion of an investigation by the anticorruption authority, China’s Supreme People’s Procuratorate said on Monday. Tang was earlier this month expelled from the ruling Communist Party for alleged violations of party discipline, including bringing unauthorised books into the country and accepting illicit gifts. The former bank chairman is the latest in a long line of high-profile figures within China’s financial sector to be ensnared in President Xi…

Former Banking Executive Pleads Guilty to Evading Anti-Money Laundering Regulations

The former vice president of a bank located in Missouri pleaded guilty today to assisting high-risk bank customers in evading the bank’s anti-money laundering controls. Peter McVey, 45, of Kansas City, Missouri, who served as vice president and director of treasury services for a bank, pleaded guilty to failing to maintain an appropriate anti-money laundering program under the Bank Secrecy Act (BSA). According to court documents, between April 2014 and July 2022, McVey assisted high-risk bank customers engaged in deceptive sweepstakes and short-term online loan activities in evading the bank’s anti-money laundering controls. Specifically, McVey worked with other bank officials…

NCA investigation ends in eight year jail term for east London money launderer who took payments for small boats crossings

A man investigated by the National Crime Agency for laundering money made by people smuggling networks involved in small boats crossings has been jailed for eight years.Iranian Asghar Gheshlaghian, 48, was convicted last week of running an unregistered money services business from an office block in Wood Green, as part of a network of bankers transferring money using the hawala system. He acted as a trusted middleman, accepting payments from migrants or their families, and then releasing money to the criminal gangs following the completion of their journeys to the UK, charging a commission at the same time. Gheshlaghian, who…

RBC Slapped with $7.4M Penalty by Fintrac Over Anti-Money Laundering Non-Compliance

Canada’s financial intelligence agency, the Financial Transactions and Reports Analysis Centre of Canada (Fintrac), has levied a substantial $7.4 million penalty against the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC) for its non-compliance with anti-money laundering (AML) and terrorist financing measures. Fintrac’s findings reveal multiple violations, including the failure to submit suspicious transaction reports when there were reasonable grounds to suspect connections to money laundering offenses. Out of 130 case files reviewed, RBC neglected to submit 16 suspicious transaction reports, leading to the hefty penalty. The administrative penalty, imposed on November 3, follows a compliance examination conducted by Fintrac in 2022. Despite…

Commodity Futures Trading Commission Imposes $91 Million Penalty on Freepoint Commodities for Fraudulent Conduct

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) has issued an order while simultaneously filing and settling misappropriation-based fraud charges against Freepoint Commodities LLC, a commodities merchant headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut. The fraudulent activities, spanning from 2012 to 2018, involved deceptive conduct aimed at obtaining material non-public information from a South American state-owned enterprise (SOE) concerning the purchase and sale of fuel oil. The CFTC’s order mandates Freepoint to pay more than $91 million in civil monetary penalties and disgorgement. The order reveals that Freepoint’s fraudulent conduct included the improper acquisition and trading on the SOE’s material non-public information, constituting a breach…

Former Special Agent in charge of the New York FBI Counterintelligence Division sentenced to 50 Months for conspiring to violate U.S. Sanctions on Russia

A former Special Agent in Charge (SAC) of the FBI Counterintelligence Division in New York, was sentenced to 50 months in prison and ordered to pay a $40,000 fine for conspiring to violate the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) and to commit money laundering in connection with his 2021 agreement to provide services to Oleg Deripaska, a sanctioned Russian oligarch. According to court documents and statements made in court proceedings, Charles McGonigal, 55, of New York, New York, pleaded guilty in August. “Charles McGonigal helped advance the interests of a sanctioned Russian oligarch, breaking his oath to safeguard our…

Vatican court convicts cardinal Angelo Becciu of embezzlement

A Vatican court on Saturday sentenced a once powerful Italian cardinal to five years and six months in jail for financial crimes at the end of a historic trial. Angelo Becciu, 75, a former adviser to Pope Francis who was once considered a papal contender himself, is the most senior clergyman in the Catholic church to face a Vatican criminal court. He and nine other defendants, including financiers, lawyers and ex-Vatican employees, were on trial over accusations of financial crimes focused on an opaque London property deal. Court president Giuseppe Pignatone read out the verdict on Saturday, with Becciu accused…

DWS Agrees to Pay $25m for AML Violations and ESG Misstatements

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has taken action against registered investment adviser DWS Investment Management Americas Inc. (DIMA or DWS), a subsidiary of Deutsche Bank AG, for multiple violations related to Anti-Money Laundering (AML) programs and misrepresentations regarding Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investments. As part of the settlement, DWS will pay a total of $25 million in penalties. Anti-Money Laundering Violations: In the AML enforcement action, the SEC’s order determined that DIMA caused mutual funds under its advisement to fail in developing and implementing an AML program consistent with the requirements of the Bank Secrecy Act and applicable…

Albania’s Former PM Sali Berisha Faces Corruption Charges Over Land Privatisation Scandal

Sali Berisha and his son-in-law face corruption charges related to the alleged misuse of political influence, and Berisha is barred from leaving the country.Albania’s former prime minister Sali Berisha says that prosecutors have charged him with corruption and money laundering in connection with a land deal involving a Tirana property.Berisha, 79, said the prosecutor’s office in charge of cases against senior officials or major cases, ordered him not to leave the country. Berisha also said his son-in-law, 50-year-old Jamarber Malltezi, was arrested on the same charges at Tirana International Airport. Berisha said both he and Malltezi are innocent.“On these charges…

China Insurance Boss Jailed for Life in Corruption Crackdown

The former chairman of China Life Insurance, Wang Bin, has become the latest high-profile boss to be imprisoned as Beijing’s crackdown on the financial industry continues.Mr Wang was sentenced to death with a two-year reprieve, according to a court ruling seen by the BBC. After two years, the sentence will be commuted to life in prison without parole, the ruling says. In April, authorities warned that the crackdown was far from over. A court in Jinan in eastern China’s Shandong province found Mr Wang guilty of taking 325 million yuan ($44.6m; £35.7m) in bribes.Mr Wang, who was the firm’s Communist…

Banks Slapped with Hefty Fines for Utilizing Messaging Platforms to Evade Regulators

U.S. regulators have unleashed a barrage of penalties, amassing a total of $549 million against Wells Fargo and a cohort of smaller or non-U.S. firms for their failure to uphold electronic records of employee communications. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) spearheaded this crackdown, unveiling charges and levying $289 million in fines against 11 companies over “widespread and longstanding failures” in record-keeping. In tandem, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) announced fines totaling $260 million against four banks for their noncompliance in maintaining records stipulated by the agency. This move is the latest endeavor by regulators to curb the pervasive…

Bankman-Fried Used Customer Funds for $100 in U.S. Political Donations

Sam Bankman-Fried used stolen customer funds to make more than $100 million in political campaign contributions ahead of the 2022 U.S. midterm elections, federal prosecutors said on Monday in a new indictment filed against the FTX cryptocurrency exchange’s founder. The new indictment charges the 31-year-old former billionaire with seven counts of conspiracy and fraud over the collapse of the exchange. He has previously pleaded not guilty to charges of stealing billions in FTX customer funds to plug losses at Alameda Research, his crypto-focused hedge fund. Mark Botnick, a spokesman for Bankman-Fried, declined to comment. Sam Bankman-Fried criminal charges unsealed: Conspiracy…

UBS to Pay $1.4 Billion in Civil Penalties for Mortgage-Backed Securities Fraud

Swiss banking giant UBS has reached a landmark settlement, agreeing to pay a combined $1.4 billion in civil penalties to address allegations of fraud and misconduct related to its offering of mortgage-backed securities during the lead-up to the global financial crisis. The announcement was made by federal prosecutors on Monday, marking a significant development in the aftermath of the financial turmoil. The settlement effectively concludes the last remaining case brought by the United States Department of Justice against major financial institutions regarding deceptive statements made to investors who purchased mortgage-backed securities. The cumulative recoveries resulting from these cases now stand…

Goldman Sachs Could be in Trouble Again Over Its Malaysian Money Laundering Settlement

Goldman Sachs agreed to pay Malaysia $3.9 billion in July 2020 to settle a money laundering scheme involving its bankers, Malaysia’s new Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim says it wasn’t enough. In 2018, Malaysian prosecutors sued the investment bank, accusing bankers of helping to raise billions of dollars for 1Malaysia Development Berhad, known as 1MDB. The funds were part of an international money laundering scheme involving major financial institutions in the United States, Switzerland, Singapore, Luxembourg and others. “We’ll have to reopen this negotiations with Goldman Sachs, because they were complicit to the crime,” Anwar, who was took office in November,…

3M Agrees to Pay Over $6.5 Million to Settle Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Charges

n a move to resolve allegations of violating the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has announced that 3M will pay more than $6.5 million. The charges stem from violations of the books and records as well as internal controls provisions of the FCPA. The SEC’s order outlines that employees of a 3M wholly owned subsidiary located in China were involved in orchestrating arrangements for Chinese government officials, who were employed by state-owned health care facilities, to attend conferences, educational events, and health care facility visits overseas. These arrangements were purportedly a part of the…

MAS Will Not Tolerate the Abuse of Our Financial System for Illicit Activities

Singapore, 16 August 2023… The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) said today that it had worked closely with the Commercial Affairs Department (CAD) to facilitate the development of the case that led to the Police’s arrest, on 15 August, of 10 individuals for suspected involvement in offences including forgery and/or money laundering and resistance to lawful apprehension [1] . MAS has also been collaborating closely with CAD to identify potentially tainted funds and assets in our financial system and prevent their dissipation. 2 Intelligence and information from suspicious transaction reports (STRs) filed by financial institutions (FIs) in Singapore had earlier…

Federal Reserve Board Announces Two Enforcement Actions Against Deutsche Bank AG

The Federal Reserve Board on Wednesday announced two enforcement actions against Deutsche Bank AG, its New York branch, and other U.S. affiliates. First, the Board issued a consent order and a $186 million fine based on unsafe and unsound practices and violations of the Board’s 2015 and 2017 consent orders with Deutsche Bank relating to sanctions compliance and anti-money laundering controls. The Board found that Deutsche Bank made insufficient remedial progress under the 2015 and 2017 consent orders and had deficient anti-money laundering internal controls and governance processes relating to its prior relationship with the Estonian branch of Danske Bank.…

UK Gambling Operator Betfred Must Pay £3.25m for AML and Social Responsibility Failings

BRITISH gambling operator Betfred has been told to pay Stg£3.25M by the industry regulator after AML and social responsibility failures. The Gambling Commission said Betfred, registered as Done Bros (Cash Betting) Limited, breached licence conditions between January 2021 and December 2022. The firm runs 1,750 high street betting shops, as well as a website and an app. The Gambling Commission investigation found Betfred had insufficient controls in place to protect new customers, or to monitor “high velocity spend” and duration of play. Its AML failures included: poor record keeping and its financial alerts (thresholds) were set too highfailing to consistently…

German Regulator Extends Anti-Money Laundering Measures at N26 Amid Ongoing Compliance Concerns

N26, the German-based digital bank, is facing an extension of anti-money laundering (AML) measures imposed by the German regulator BaFin, as the watchdog continues to express concerns over the bank’s compliance controls. The extension comes after BaFin had fined N26 €4.25 million in 2021 for lax money laundering controls and had subsequently imposed a temporary cap on the number of new customers the bank could onboard each month. The temporary cap, initially set at 50,000 new customers a month, will remain in place, and BaFin has taken additional steps to closely monitor the bank’s progress. An audit presence has been…

Brazilian Former President Collor Sentenced for Corruption

Brazil’s top court sentenced Brazilian former President Fernando Collor de Mello to eight years and ten months in prison for “passive corruption and money laundering” linked to the Brazilian fuel retailer during his time as senator. The country’s Supreme Court found that Collor received the equivalent of over US$4 million in bribes to secure contracts for the construction company UTC Engenharia with BR Distribuidora, the country’s largest fuel distributor.Collor attempted to conceal part of his illicit gains by registering luxury cars under the names of shell companies. Brazilian investigators discovered at least five high-end vehicles, including models like Ferrari 458…

‘Currency traders’ had ‘wined and dined’ man into money-laundering operation, court told

Judge Helen Boyle said a common feature of money-laundering cases was that people hoped to emulate the high life apparently enjoyed by others. A young man was wined and dined in Dublin by “currency traders” but when they told him to make “no noise” about €10,000 landing in his bank account he found himself at the centre of a money-laundering investigation. Judge Helen Boyle told the young man that people involving themselves in this crime often believed there was easy money to be made but she said that everyone had to work for their income. Detective Garda Michelle Quinn said…

Food, Car Companies Used by ‘Ndrangheta Targeted in Raids Across Italy, Belgium and Germany

POLICE in Italy, Belgium and Germany today carried out joint operations against the food and car companies used by the Italian mob to launder money and traffic drugs. The operation on Monday led to 31 arrests of ‘Ndrangheta suspects who allegedly used its well-established network to transport mainly cocaine from South America to Germany and Italy via several European ports. “To this end, the organised crime group (OCG) set up businesses in Germany to facilitate the drug smuggling. To cover its drug transports, the OCG used international companies trading in cars and food,” Europol said. During the joint action day,…

Fleetwood Town Owner Guilty of Fraud and Money Laundering

Fleetwood Town’s owner has been found guilty of fraud and money laundering.A trading standards investigation found Andrew Pilley, of Thornton Cleveleys, mis-sold energy contracts and posted fake customer comments on websites.The 52-year-old was remanded in custody at Preston Crown Court and will be sentenced at a later date. A representative for the League One side said the charges did not relate to activities at the football club and the verdict would not affect its future.Pilley was found guilty of two counts of running a business with the intention of defrauding creditors, one count of false representation and one count of…

iSpoof Scam Website Mastermind Sentenced to 13 Years in Prison

A U.K. court has sentenced the main administrator of a scam website known as iSpoof to 13 years and four months in prison. The administrator enabled criminals to make calls impersonating banks, retail companies, or government institutions, tricking people into disclosing their security data so that their accounts could be emptied. In the U.K. alone, victims lost the equivalent of more than $52 million, with projected global losses exceeding $124 million. According to Eurojust, iSpoof itself generated over four million dollars in just 16 months.Most of the four million dollars went to Tejay Fletcher, the website administrator and mastermind of…

Skillonnet Agrees Settlement for U.K. AML Failures

Britain’s Gambling Commission has agreed a six-figure settlement with online gaming operator SkillOnNet for social responsibility and anti-money laundering failures. The operator will pay £305,150 in lieu of a financial penalty as a part of its settlement, with the proceeds to be directed to socially responsible causes. The penalty relates to breaches of the Licence Conditions and Codes of Practice (LCCP) and follows a regulatory review which found that the operator had insufficient policies, procedures and controls to comply with its Anti-Money Laundering (AML) responsibilities. The review also found deficiencies in SkillOnNet’s responsible gambling policies, procedures, controls and practices, including…

Drug trafficking and money laundering kingpin told to hand over £630k

A former haulage firm owner jailed for moving drugs and dirty cash across Europe has been ordered to pay back £630,000. Thomas Maher, aged 42, of Wiltshire Close, Warrington, was sentenced to 14 years and eight months in prison in December 2020.Thomas MaherEvidence obtained by the National Crime Agency as part of Operation Venetic – the UK law enforcement response to the takedown of encrypted global communications service EncroChat – showed that he operated a transportation network spanning Europe, moving drugs into the UK and Ireland and the profits in the other direction. In one exchange of messages with a…

U.S. Charges North Korean Banker With Crypto Laundering

A U.S. court charged a China-based representative of North Korea’s Foreign Trade Bank with two counts related to laundering illicit crypto proceeds for the benefit of the North Korean nuclear weapons and ballistic missile program, according to a statement by the U.S. Attorney’s Office. Sim Hyon Sop, a 39-year-old North Korean national, is accused of conspiring with traders in China to launder cryptocurrency stolen by North Korea’s hackers by purchasing goods through Hong Kong-based front companies. The second indictment alleges that Sim managed a scheme laundering proceeds from the work of various North Korean IT specialists, who under fake identities…

SFO secures sentences totalling over 13 years for executives behind $500m bank fraud

Today at Southwark Crown Court, Nasser Alaghband, the CEO of British steel trading company Balli Steel Plc, was sentenced to six and a half years in prison, while two senior executives received sentences of over three years each. A Serious Fraud Office (SFO) investigation uncovered how Alaghband orchestrated a $500m fraud in a desperate attempt to keep his failing company afloat. He directed Melis Erda and Louise Worsell to secure bank loans, which they did by creating false contracts for non-existent steel shipments. These shipping documents were certified by an in-house shipping company, registered in the Cayman Islands, and operated…

Money laundering cash couriers smuggled £100 million in suitcases

The National Crime Agency has dismantled a network of criminal cash couriers that laundered more than £100m by smuggling it out of the UK to Dubai in the UAE. Custody images of Beatrice Auty, Jonathan Johnson and Jo Emma LarvinFrom left to right: Beatrice Auty, Jonathan Johnson and Jo Emma Larvin Eleven of the couriers have now been convicted, following yesterday’s guilty verdicts returned in the trial of Beatrice Auty, 26, from London; Jonathan Johnson, 55, and Jo Emma Larvin, 44, both from Ripon in North Yorkshire, and Amy Harrison, 27, from Worcester Park in Surrey, at Isleworth Crown Court.…

Six charged with money laundering activity at former Danske Bank Estonia

The Prosecutor’s Office charged six people with money laundering crimes Monday, in relation to the now-defunct Tallinn branch of Danske Bank. According to the charge sheet, the former employees of the foreign banking unit of the Danske Bank Estonia branch – five men and one woman – together orchestrated large-scale money laundering at the Estonian branch of Danske in the years 2007 to 2015, in so doing intentionally concealing the real origins of the funds suspected criminal origin which were transferred to accounts at Danske. Evidence gathered in pre-trial proceedings found defendants provided money laundering services to the tune of…

Preston mastermind of one of UK’s largest tax frauds convicted

The mastermind of a fake designer clothing scam has been convicted of one of the UK’s biggest carousel tax frauds after an investigation spanning more than a decade. Arif Patel and his gang tried to steal £97m through VAT repayment claims on false exports of textiles and phones. The 55-year-old also sold counterfeit clothes that would have been worth £50m if genuine. He was convicted by jury in his absence with a warrant out for his arrest. Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs (HMRC) said Patel, of Preston in Lancashire, is believed to be at large in Dubai – where the…

SEC Charges Crypto Entrepreneur Justin Sun and his Companies for Fraud and Other Securities Law Violations

Eight celebrities also charged for illegal touting of Sun’s crypto asset securities FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE2023-59Washington D.C., March 22, 2023 —The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced charges against crypto asset entrepreneur Justin Sun and three of his wholly-owned companies, Tron Foundation Limited, BitTorrent Foundation Ltd., and Rainberry Inc. (formerly BitTorrent), for the unregistered offer and sale of crypto asset securities Tronix (TRX) and BitTorrent (BTT). The SEC also charged Sun and his companies with fraudulently manipulating the secondary market for TRX through extensive wash trading, which involves the simultaneous or near-simultaneous purchase and sale of a security to make it…

UK Gambling Commission Fines 32Red and Platinum Gaming £7M for AML, Social Responsibility Failures

BRITAIN’S Gambling Commission today fined 32Red and Platinum Gaming with a €7.1M fine for AML and other failings. The Commission said the penalty on the online operator owned by Kindred Group Plc was also to includes social responsibility failures. “These failures highlight clearly that both operators failed to interact with customers in a way which minimises the risk of them experiencing harms associated with gambling,” said Kay Roberts, executive director of the Gambling Commission. The regulator said financial triggers for anti-money laundering reviews at 32Red were too high and not appropriate to effectively manage money laundering and terrorist financing risks,…

Ericsson agrees to $206m plea bargain with US in bribery case

Swedish telecom giant Ericsson has agreed to plead guilty and pay a $206 million fine for breaching its deferred prosecution deal with U.S. authorities by withholding information about its alleged misconduct in Iraq and other countries. In 2019, Ericsson admitted to accusations of bribery and other wrongdoing in multiple countries and paid a record $1 billion fine under a deferred prosecution agreement struck with the U.S. Department of Justice. The deal allowed the company to avoid a criminal conviction but required it to report any potential wrongdoing and submit to the scrutiny of an outside monitor over a three-year period.…

Man Extradited from Peru on International Money Laundering Charges

ALEXANDRIA, Va. – A Belize City, Belize, man was extradited to the United States Tuesday on charges of laundering tens of millions of dollars of drug proceeds on behalf of notorious international drug trafficking organizations. According to court documents, Jianxing Chen, 42, led and controlled a network of couriers who transported cash generated by the domestic sale of controlled substances. Some of the cash came from cocaine sales throughout the United States – including Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, Atlanta, as well as in the Eastern District of Virginia.  At Chen’s direction, couriers transported drug money across the country…